The basic knowledge about hazardous chemicals
Time:2019-08-11
Views:1935
The basic knowledge about hazardous chemicals
Hazardous chemicals are substances that are prone to explosion, burning, poisoning, corrosion, and radioactivity, as well as chemicals that can cause disasters due to external factors. Enterprises must fully understand their safety performance before use, including flammable, explosive, corrosive, toxic, radioactive, etc., in order to take targeted safety protection measures to avoid unnecessary harm.
Classification of hazardous chemicals
Hazardous chemicals can be divided into eight systems:
1 Explosives: It has the characteristics of high explosiveness and high sensitivity. Therefore, explosives must be kept away from fire, heat and earthquake during storage and transportation;
2 Compressed gas and liquefied gas: According to physical and chemical properties, it can be divided into three categories: flammable gas, non-combustible gas, toxic gas;
3 Flammable liquid: It has six dangerous characteristics: high flammability, explosiveness, high flow diffusivity, thermal expansion, avoiding oxidant and acid, and toxicity;
4 Flammable solids, pyrophoric articles and wet flammable materials: low ignition point, sensitive to heat, impact, friction, easy to be ignited by external fire source, burning quickly, and may emit toxic fumes or toxic gases, such as: red phosphorus, Sulfur, etc.;
5 Oxidizer: It has strong oxidizing property, easy to decompose and emit oxygen and heat. It is sensitive to heat, vibration or friction. Organic peroxide is flammable, explosive and easily decomposed, and is extremely sensitive to heat, vibration and friction.
6 Drugs: After entering the body, accumulating a certain amount will disturb or destroy the normal physiological functions of the body, causing pathological changes and even life-threatening; the poisons can enter the human body through three ways: ingestion, inhalation and percutaneous;
7 Radioactive materials: subdivided into primary radioactive materials, secondary radioactive materials and tertiary radioactive materials, such as metal uranium, according to their radioactivity;
8 Corrosives: Corrosive can cause damage to the human body, destroying organisms and corroding metals.
Basic requirements for storage of hazardous chemicals
According to the national standard "General rules for the storage of common dangerous chemicals" GB 15603-1995:
(1) Storage of dangerous chemicals must comply with national laws, regulations and other relevant regulations.
(2) Hazardous chemicals must be stored in a special dangerous chemical warehouse approved by the public security department. The distribution department must store the dangerous chemicals and store the quantity in the warehouse. Do not set up hazardous chemicals storage warehouses without approval.
(3) Open-pit stacking of dangerous chemicals shall comply with the safety requirements for fire prevention and explosion protection. Explosive articles, first-class flammable materials, wet burning articles and highly toxic substances shall not be stacked in the open air.
(4) The warehouse for storing dangerous chemicals must be equipped with technical personnel with professional knowledge. The warehouses and places should be managed by special personnel, and the management personnel must be equipped with reliable personal safety protection articles.
(5) The dangerous chemicals stored shall be clearly marked, and the signs shall comply with the provisions of GB190. When storing two or more different levels of dangerous goods in the same area, the performance mark of the highest level dangerous goods shall be hoisted.
(6) There are three types of storage methods for hazardous chemicals: isolated storage, separated storage, and separated storage.
(7) Partition, classification and storage according to the performance of hazardous chemicals. All kinds of dangerous goods should not be mixed and stored with contraindications.
(8) Smoking and use of open flames are strictly prohibited in the building area where hazardous chemicals are stored. Enterprises must understand and master all safety information and precautions regarding use, storage and disposal, and provide training and training for employees.
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